Research Activities
- Spinal Endoscopy Outcome Studies
- Spine Database Studies
- Applications of Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence to Spine Surgery
- Clinical Outcome Studies
- Spinal Alignment Clinical Studies
- Spine-Knee Relationship Clinical Studies
Research Support / Extramural Funding
- National Institutes of Health
Summer Research Training Grant
“Determining the Molecular Pathways Essential for the Development and Differentiation of the Cardiac Conduction System in Mice.”
Project Period: June 2002-September 2002
Total Award: $6000
Publications
Scientific Articles in Refereed Journals:
- Park DY, Rubenson J, Carr A, Mattson J, Besier T, Chou LB. Influence of stretching and warm-up on Achilles tendon material properties. Foot Ankle Int. 2011 Apr;32(4):407-13. doi: 10.3113/FAI.2011.0407. PMID: 21733444.
- Park DY, Rinsky LA. Ewing’s Sarcoma of the Humerus in a Three-Year-Old Boy Requiring Radical En-bloc Resection and Total Humeral Expandable Prosthetic Replacement: A Case Report. Surgery 2011, 1:101.
- Yao J, Woon CY, Behn A, Korotkova T, Park DY, Gajendran V, Smith RL. The effect of suture coated with mesenchymal stem cells and bioactive substrate on tendon repair strength in a rat model. J Hand Surg Am. 2012 Aug;37(8):1639-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.04.038. Epub 2012 Jun 23. PMID: 22727924.
- Cheng I, Mayle RE, Cox CA, Park DY, Smith RL, Corcoran-Schwartz I, Ponnusamy KE, Oshtory R, Smuck MW, Mitra R, Kharazi AI, Carragee EJ. Functional assessment of the acute local and distal transplantation of human neural stem cells after spinal cord injury. Spine J. 2012 Nov;12(11):1040-4. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2012.09.005. Epub 2012 Oct 12. PMID: 23063425.
- Park DY, Mayle RE, Smith RL, Corcoran-Schwartz I, Kharazi AI, Cheng I. Combined Transplantation of Human Neuronal and Mesenchymal Stem Cells following Spinal Cord Injury. Global Spine J. 2013 Mar;3(1):1-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1337118. Epub 2013 Mar 2. PMID: 24436845; PMCID: PMC3854610.
- Cheng I, Githens M, Smith RL, Johnston TR, Park DY, Stauff MP, Salari N, Tileston KR, Kharazi AI. Local versus distal transplantation of human neural stem cells following chronic spinal cord injury. Spine J. 2016 Jun;16(6):764-9. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.12.007. Epub 2015 Dec 14. PMID: 26698654.
- Park DY, Cheng I. Response to letter to the editor regarding: "Local versus distal transplantation of human neural stem cells following chronic spinal cord injury" by Cheng et al. Spine J. 2016 Jun;16(6):793-4. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2016.02.040. PMID: 27342710.
- Arshi A, Sharim J, Park DY, Park HY, Yazdanshenas H, Bernthal NM, Shamie AN. Prognostic determinants and treatment outcomes analysis of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma of the spine. Spine J. 2017 May;17(5):645-655. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2016.11.002. Epub 2016 Nov 14. PMID: 27856382; PMCID: PMC5561729.
- Yamaguchi K, Mathew J, Lhi JM, Park DY. Acute and Rapid Development of Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma Associated with Combined Aspirin-Dipyridamole Therapy: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect. 2017 Jan-Mar;7(1):e19. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.CC.16.00134. PMID: 29244699.
- Arshi A, Sharim J, Park DY, Park HY, Bernthal NM, Yazdanshenas H, Shamie AN. Chondrosarcoma of the Osseous Spine: An Analysis of Epidemiology, Patient Outcomes, and Prognostic Factors Using the SEER Registry From 1973 to 2012. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017 May 1;42(9):644-652. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000001870. PMID: 28441682; PMCID: PMC5561726.
- Drysch A, Ajiboye RM, Sharma A, Li J, Reza T, Harley D, Park DY, Pourtaheri S. Effectiveness of Reoperations for Adjacent Segment Disease Following Lumbar Spinal Fusion. Orthopedics. 2018 Mar 1;41(2):e161-e167. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20170621-02. Epub 2017 Jun 30. PMID: 28662247.
- Arshi A, Wang C, Park HY, Blumstein GW, Buser Z, Wang JC, Shamie AN, Park DY. Ambulatory anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is associated with a higher risk of revision surgery and perioperative complications: an analysis of a large nationwide database. Spine J. 2018 Jul;18(7):1180-1187. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.11.012. Epub 2017 Nov 16. PMID: 29155340; PMCID: PMC6291305.
- Cheng I, Park DY, Mayle RE, Githens M, Smith RL, Park HY, Hu SS, Alamin TF, Wood KB, Kharazi AI. Does timing of transplantation of neural stem cells following spinal cord injury affect outcomes in an animal model? J Spine Surg. 2017 Dec;3(4):567-571. doi: 10.21037/jss.2017.10.06. PMID: 29354733; PMCID: PMC5760427.
- Ahlquist S, Park HY, Gatto J, Shamie AN, Park DY. Does approach matter? A comparative radiographic analysis of spinopelvic parameters in single-level lumbar fusion. Spine J. 2018 Nov;18(11):1999-2008. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2018.03.014. Epub 2018 Apr 6. PMID: 29631061.
- Arshi A, Park HY, Blumstein GW, Wang C, Buser Z, Wang JC, Shamie AN, Park DY. Outpatient Posterior Lumbar Fusion: A Population-Based Analysis of Trends and Complication Rates. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018 Nov 15;43(22):1559-1565. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002664. PMID: 29642137; PMCID: PMC6179957.
- Park HY, Park DY. Increased Specialization in Spine Surgery and its Implications on Delivery and Access to Care in the United States Healthcare System. AME Med J 2018;3:56.
- Shaw K, Chen J, Sheppard W, Alazzeh M, Park H, Park DY, Shamie AN. Use of the subcutaneous lumbar spine (SLS) index as a predictor for surgical complications in lumbar spine surgery. Spine J. 2018 Dec;18(12):2181-2186. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2018.04.018. Epub 2018 Apr 27. PMID: 29709549.
- Park HY, Sheppard W, Smith R, Xiao J, Gatto J, Bowen R, Scaduto A, Holly L, Lu D, McBride D, Shamie AN, Park DY. The combined administration of vancomycin IV, standard prophylactic antibiotics, and vancomycin powder in spinal instrumentation surgery: does the routine use affect infection rates and bacterial resistance? J Spine Surg. 2018 Jun;4(2):173-179. doi: 10.21037/jss.2018.05.04. PMID: 30069504; PMCID: PMC6046309.
- Park DY. The Advent of Smartphone Applications in Spine Surgery: Bringing the Field to the 21st Century. Neurospine. 2020 Mar;17(1):143-145. doi: 10.14245/ns.2040066.033. Epub 2020 Mar 31. PMID: 32252165; PMCID: PMC7136104.
- Hsiue PP, Kelley BV, Chen CJ, Stavrakis AI, Lord EL, Shamie AN, Hornicek FJ, Park DY. Surgical treatment of metastatic spine disease: an update on national trends and clinical outcomes from 2010 to 2014. Spine J. 2020 Jun;20(6):915-924. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.02.010. Epub 2020 Feb 19. PMID: 32087389.
- Ahlquist S, Park HY, Kelley B, Holly L, Shamie AN, Park DY. Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis Within 24 Hours of Surgery for Spinal Cord Injury: Is It Safe and Effective? Neurospine. 2020 Jun;17(2):407-416. doi: 10.14245/ns.1938420.210. Epub 2020 Jun 30. PMID: 32615699; PMCID: PMC7338943.
- Ahlquist S, Thommen R, Park HY, Sheppard W, James K, Lord E, Shamie AN, Park DY. Implications of sagittal alignment and complication profile with stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion versus anterior posterior lumbar fusion. J Spine Surg. 2020 Dec;6(4):659-669. doi: 10.21037/jss-20-595. PMID: 33447668; PMCID: PMC7797796.
- Sheppard WL, Upfill-Brown A, McKay KM, Park HY, Shah A, Park DY, Sassoon AA. Lumbar Spine Sagittal Mismatch Deformity Negatively Affects Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes. J Knee Surg. 2022 Nov;35(13):1409-1416. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1723979. Epub 2021 Feb 22. PMID: 33618399.
- Shah AA, Karhade AV, Park HY, Sheppard WL, Macyszyn LJ, Everson RG, Shamie AN, Park DY, Schwab JH, Hornicek FJ. Updated external validation of the SORG machine learning algorithms for prediction of ninety-day and one-year mortality after surgery for spinal metastasis. Spine J. 2021 Oct;21(10):1679-1686. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2021.03.026. Epub 2021 Mar 31. PMID: 33798728.
- Kelley BV, Hsiue PP, Upfill-Brown AM, Chen CJ, Villalpando C, Lord EL, Shamie AN, Stavrakis AI, Park DY. Utilization trends and outcomes of computer-assisted navigation in spine fusion in the United States. Spine J. 2021 Aug;21(8):1246-1255. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2021.03.029. Epub 2021 Mar 29. PMID: 33794362.
- Park HY, Hwang R, Sheppard WL, Blumstein G, Shah AA, Medina JA, Cargle MN, Bugarin A, Hamad CD, Proal JD, Smith R, Bernthal NM, Shamie AN, Park DY. Predictors of Medical Malpractice Outcomes After Spine Surgery: A Comprehensive Analysis From 2010 to 2019. Clin Spine Surg. 2021 Jul 1;34(6):228-235. doi: 10.1097/BSD.0000000000001184. PMID: 33872221.
- Greig D, Zoller S, Sheppard WL, Park DY. Intermittent and Transient Hypotension-related Anterior Cord Syndrome following Elective Cervical Spine Surgery: A Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep. 2021 Mar;11(3):21-24. doi: 10.13107/jocr.2021.v11.i03.2070. PMID: 34239823; PMCID: PMC8241245.
- Shah AA, Devana SK, Lee C, Bugarin A, Lord EL, Shamie AN, Park DY, van der Schaar M, SooHoo NF. Prediction of Major Complications and Readmission After Lumbar Spinal Fusion: A Machine Learning-Driven Approach. World Neurosurg. 2021 Aug;152:e227-e234. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.05.080. Epub 2021 May 28. PMID: 34058366; PMCID: PMC8338911.
- Shah AA, Devana SK, Lee C, Bugarin A, Lord EL, Shamie AN, Park DY, van der Schaar M, SooHoo NF. Machine learning-driven identification of novel patient factors for prediction of major complications after posterior cervical spinal fusion. Eur Spine J. 2022 Aug;31(8):1952-1959. doi: 10.1007/s00586-021-06961-7. Epub 2021 Aug 15. PMID: 34392418; PMCID: PMC8844303.
- Chen CJ, Shah AA, Hsiue PP, Subhash AK, Lord EL, Park DY, Stavrakis AI. Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (Ogilvie Syndrome) After Primary Spinal Fusion: An Analysis of Outcomes and Risk Factors from 2005 to 2014. World Neurosurg. 2021 Nov;155:e612-e620. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.08.110. Epub 2021 Sep 1. PMID: 34481105.
- Sheppard WL, McKay KM, Upfill-Brown A, Blumstein G, Park HY, Shah A, Sassoon AA, Park DY. Severity and location of lumbar spine stenosis affects the outcome of total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021 Dec 20;16(1):720. doi: 10.1186/s13018-021-02864-x. PMID: 34930340; PMCID: PMC8686657.
- Yazdanshenas H, Osias E, Hwang R, Park DY, Lord E, Shamie AN. Retrospective evaluation of cervical fusion with DTRAX (R) cervical cage. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 2022 Jan-Mar;13(1):48-54. doi: 10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_150_21. Epub 2022 Mar 9. PMID: 35386243; PMCID: PMC8978854.
- Karhade AV, Fenn B, Groot OQ, Shah AA, Yen HK, Bilsky MH, Hu MH, Laufer I, Park DY, Sciubba DM, Steyerberg EW, Tobert DG, Bono CM, Harris MB, Schwab JH. Development and external validation of predictive algorithms for six-week mortality in spinal metastasis using 4,304 patients from five institutions. Spine J. 2022 Dec;22(12):2033-2041. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.07.089. Epub 2022 Jul 14. PMID: 35843533.
- Shah AA, Devana SK, Lee C, Bugarin A, Hong MK, Upfill-Brown A, Blumstein G, Lord EL, Shamie AN, van der Schaar M, SooHoo NF, Park DY. A Risk Calculator for the Prediction of C5 Nerve Root Palsy After Instrumented Cervical Fusion. World Neurosurg. 2022 Oct;166:e703-e710. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.07.082. Epub 2022 Jul 22. Erratum in: World Neurosurg. 2023 May;173:282. PMID: 35872129; PMCID: PMC10410645.
- Upfill-Brown A, Policht J, Sperry BP, Ghosh D, Shah AA, Sheppard WL, Lord E, Shamie AN, Park DY. National trends in the utilization of lumbar disc replacement for lumbar degenerative disc disease over a 10-year period, 2010 to 2019. J Spine Surg. 2022 Sep;8(3):343-352. doi: 10.21037/jss-22-4. PMID: 36285102; PMCID: PMC9547699.
- Shah AA, Devana SK, Lee C, Olson TE, Upfill-Brown A, Sheppard WL, Lord EL, Shamie AN, van der Schaar M, SooHoo NF, Park DY. Development and External Validation of a Risk Calculator for Prediction of Major Complications and Readmission After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2023 Apr 1;48(7):460-467. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000004531. Epub 2022 Nov 3. PMID: 36730869; PMCID: PMC10023283.
- Shah AA, Karhade AV, Groot OQ, Olson TE, Schoenfeld AJ, Bono CM, Harris MB, Ferrone ML, Nelson SB, Park DY, Schwab JH. External validation of a predictive algorithm for in-hospital and 90-day mortality after spinal epidural abscess. Spine J. 2023 May;23(5):760-765. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.01.013. Epub 2023 Feb 1. PMID: 36736740.
- Sheppard WL, Chiou D, Upfill-Brown A, Shah A, Edogun E, Sassoon A, Park DY. Spondylolisthesis and mismatch deformity affect outcomes after total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023 Mar 2;18(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s13018-023-03605-y. PMID: 36864440; PMCID: PMC9979472.
- Shah AA, Devana SK, Lee C, Bugarin A, Hong MK, Upfill-Brown A, Blumstein G, Lord EL, Shamie AN, van der Schaar M, SooHoo NF, Park DY. Corrigendum to "A Risk Calculator for the Prediction of C5 Nerve Root Palsy After Instrumented Cervical Fusion" [World Neurosurgery 166 (2022), e703-e710]. World Neurosurg. 2023 May;173:282. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.02.054. Epub 2023 Mar 1. Erratum for: World Neurosurg. 2022 Oct;166:e703-e710. PMID: 36914515.
- Park DY, Heo DH. The Use of Dual Direction Expandable Titanium Cage With Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Technical Consideration With Preliminary Results. Neurospine. 2023 Mar;20(1):110-118. doi: 10.14245/ns.2346116.058. Epub 2023 Mar 31. PMID: 37016859; PMCID: PMC10080444.
- Heo DH, Park DY, Hong YH, Kim D, Kim JS. Temperature change of epidural space by radiofrequency use in biportal endoscopic lumbar surgery: safety evaluation of radiofrequency. Eur Spine J. 2023 Aug;32(8):2769-2775. doi: 10.1007/s00586-023-07719-z. Epub 2023 Apr 17. PMID: 37069443.
- Park DY, Olson TE, Upfill-Brown A, Adejuyigbe B, Shah AA, Sheppard WL, Park CW, Heo DH. Biportal Endoscopic Approach for Lumbar Degenerative Disease in the Ambulatory Outpatient vs Inpatient Setting: A Comparative Study. Int J Spine Surg. 2023 Sep 28:8545. doi: 10.14444/8545. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37770193.
Papers submitted/In Preparation:
- Olson TE, Upfill-Brown A, Park DY. Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy Techniques and Outcomes. Submitted to Seminars in Spine Surgery, October 2023.
- Olson TE, Upfill-Brown A, Adejuyigbe B, Shah AA, Park CW, Heo DH, Park DY. Does Obesity and Varying Body Mass Index Affect the Clinical Outcomes and Safety of Biportal Endoscopic Lumbar Decompression? A Comparative Cohort Study. Submitted to World Neurosurgery, September 2023.
- Upfill-Brown A, Olson TE, Adejuyigbe B, Shah AA, Park CW, Heo DH, Park DY. Does the Use of Tranexamic Acid Intraoperatively Reduce Blood Loss and Complications Following Biportal Endoscopic Lumbosacral Decompression?Submitted to Neurospine, September 2023.
- Shah AA, Devana SK, Lee C, Bugarin A, Upfill-Brown A, Lord EL, Shamie AN, van der Schaar M, SooHoo NF, Park DY. Identification of novel patient factors for development of implant-related complications after instrumented spinal fusion: a machine-learning driven approach. Manuscript in preparation.
- Shah AA, Devana SK, Lee C, Bugarin A, Upfill-Brown A, Lord EL, Shamie AN, van der Schaar M, SooHoo NF, Park DY. A Random Forest Model Predicts Incidental Durotomy During Instrumented Spinal Fusion. Manuscript in preparation.
- Shah AA, Devana SK, Lee C, Bugarin A, Upfill-Brown A, Lord EL, Shamie AN, van der Schaar M, SooHoo NF, Park DY. An Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithm for Prediction of Non-home Discharge after Instrumented Fusion. Manuscript in preparation.
- Shah AA, Devana SK, Lee C, Bugarin A, Upfill-Brown A, Lord EL, Shamie AN, van der Schaar M, SooHoo NF, Park DY. An Ensemble Machine Learning Model Predicts Blood Transfusion after Instrumented Spinal Fusion. Manuscript in preparation.
- Shah AA, Devana SK, Lee C, Bugarin A, Lord EL, Shamie AN, Park DY, van der Schaar M, Soohoo NF. An ensemble machine learning algorithm identifies novel features for prediction of major complications and readmission after anterior cervical spinal fusion. Manuscript in preparation
- Shah AA, Devana SK, Lee C, Bugarin A, Upfill-Brown A, Sheppard WL, Lord EL, Shamie AN, van der Schaar M, Soohoo NF, Park DY. A novel ensemble machine learning algorithm for prediction of dysphagia after instrumented cervical fusion. Manuscript in preparation
- Tian Y, Park DY, Suchard MA. Safety and Effectiveness of Recombinant Human BMP-2 in Spinal Fusion Surgeries: A Large-scale Analysis Across Multiple Observational Data Sources. Manuscript in preparation.
- Upfill-Brown A, Sheppard WL, Shah AA, Lord EL, Shamie AN, Park DY. Short-Term Safety Profile of Sacroiliac Joint Fusion Utilizing the NSQIP Database. Manuscript in preparation.
- Upfill-Brown A, Sheppard WL, Shah AA, Lord EL, Shamie AN, Park DY. Clinical Outcomes and Trends in Minimally Invasive versus Open Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using the NIS Database. Manuscript in preparation
- Wu SY, Shah AA, Park DY, Johnson EJ, Lord EL. Intraoperative Iliac Wing Fracture and Pubic Symphysis Diastasis Following Sacroiliac Joint Fusion. Manuscript in preparation.
Reviews:
- Park DY, Chou L. Stretching for Prevention of Achilles Tendon Injuries: A Review of the Literature. Foot Ankle Int. 2006 Dec;27(12):1086-95.
- Heo DH, Park DY, Hong HJ, Hong YH, Chung H. Indications, Contraindications, and Complications of Biportal Endoscopic Decompressive Surgery for the Treatment of Lumbar Stenosis: A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg. 2022 Dec;168:411-420. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.09.023. PMID: 36527220.
- Park DY, Heo DH. A Narrative Review of Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery in the Cervical and Thoracic Spine: An Insight into the Capabilities, Limitations, and Possibilities. J Minim Invasive Spine Surg Tech. 2023 Apr 17. doi: https://doi.org/10.21182/jmisst.2023.00717. Epub ahead of print.
- Park DY, Upfill-Brown A, Curtin N, Hamad CD, Shah A, Kwon B, Kim YH, Heo DH, Park CW, Sheppard WL. Clinical outcomes and complications after biportal endoscopic spine surgery: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 3673 cases. Eur Spine J. 2023 Aug;32(8):2637-2646. doi: 10.1007/s00586-023-07701-9. Epub 2023 Apr 20. PMID: 37079079.
Book Chapters:
- Carragee E, Park DY. Risk Factors for the Progression of Acute to Chronic Low Back Pain. Clinical Pain Management. A Practical Guide, 1st Edition. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2010: Ch 26.
- Park DY, Carragee E. Single Level Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis with Stenosis II. Prove It! Evidence Based Analysis of Common Spine Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010: Ch 19
- Park DY, Park HY, Shamie AN. Interspinous Process Motion-Sparing Implant and Coflex Interlaminar Spacer. Operative Techniques: Spine Surgery, 3rd Edition. Philadephia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: Ch 38
- Shamie AN, Park DY. Anatomy of the Spine. AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review, 3rd Edition, Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2019: Ch 64.
- Park DY, Wood K, Liu N. Thoracolumbar MIS Surgical Techniques. Orthopaedic Knowledge Update, 13th Edition, Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2020: Ch 50.
- Blumstein G, Kelley B, Park DY, Hornicek F. Low Grade Malignant Tumors in the Spine. Surgical Spinal Oncology: Contemporary Multidisciplinary Strategies, 1st Edition, New Jersey, Springer; 2020, Ch 7.
- Shah AA, Park HY, Blumstein G, Park DY. Chondrosarcoma of the axial skeleton (base of skull and spine). Chondrosarcoma: Biology and Clinical Management. New Jersey, Springer; 2021, Ch 6.
- Heo, DH, Jang JW, Park DY. Anatomical Consideration of Posterior Cervical Endoscopic Approaches. Advanced Technique of Endoscopic Cervical and Thoracic Spine Surgery. 1st Edition, Singapore, Springer; 2023
- Heo, DH, Hyun JH, Park DY, Park CK. Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy and Discectomy. Advanced Technique of Endoscopic Cervical and Thoracic Spine Surgery. 1st Edition, Singapore, Springer; 2023
Book Chapters (Submitted)
- Shamie AN, Park DY. Anatomy of the Spine. AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review, 4th Edition. Manuscript submitted, July 2022
- Shamie AN, Park DY. Interspinous Process Motion-Sparing Implants. Operative Techniques: Spine Surgery, 4th Edition. Manuscript submitted, July 2022
- Park DY, Park CW, Park JY, Heo DH. Biportal Endoscopic TLIF Using a Dual Expandable Titanium Cage. Endoscopic Procedures of the Spine, 2nd Edition. Manuscript submitted, July 2022